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How is the old covenant different from the new covenant?


“The days are coming,” declares the Lord,
    “when I will make a new covenant
with the people of Israel
    and with the people of Judah.
 It will not be like the covenant
    I made with their ancestors
when I took them by the hand
    to lead them out of Egypt,
because they broke my covenant,
    though I was a husband to them,”
declares the Lord. Jeremiah 31:31-32
            The Old Covenant was based on laws.  It was written on stone (10 commandments) and delivered by Moses.  The people’s hearts became stone after years of falling all the rules and have-to’s. They broke those commandments over and over.
            Jesus established the New Covenant by paying for the penalty of all the sins committed against those laws.  His one-time death delivered a one-two punch to the death penalty of all sinners of all time.  Now they did not operate by the old rules of sin payment—Jesus did that. 
            That act of love created a new relationship with the people, one of love and grace, not duty and expectation.  Jesus encouraged them to call God their Father because they were family now.